A smart grid is an electrical grid system that utilizes advanced technology and communication systems to improve grid reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. It incorporates sensors, meters, and automation to monitor and control electricity flow and better manage energy consumption. Smart grids enable two-way communication between utilities and consumers, allowing for real-time data collection and analysis to optimize energy distribution and usage. This technology also supports the integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles into the grid, making it more flexible and resilient. Overall, smart grids aim to modernize the traditional electricity infrastructure and create a more intelligent and sustainable energy network.